Genomics, Pre-breeding and Bioinformatics

  Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): We harness state-of-the-art NGS technologies to unravel the genetic composition of our mandate crops and associated organisms. NGS enables high-throughput sequencing, providing valuable insights into crop genomes, pangenomes, and the genomes of pathogens, pests, and beneficial microorganisms.

  Bioinformatics and Data Analysis: Our team leverages sophisticated bioinformatics tools and computational approaches to analyze and interpret the vast amount of genomics data generated through sequencing. By utilizing advanced algorithms, data integration, and statistical methods, we uncover valuable genetic markers, identify genes associated with important traits, and gain a deeper understanding of genomic variation.

  Marker Development and Genotyping: We employ genotyping technologies to develop and optimize cost-effective, low-, mid-, and high-density SNP panels. These panels play a critical role in germplasm characterization, genetic purity assessment, variety tracking, and marker-assisted breeding approaches such as genomic selection and haplotype-based breeding. Our genotyping efforts contribute to more precise and efficient breeding programs.

  Forward and Reverse Genetics: Our cluster utilizes both forward and reverse genetics approaches to discover and validate important traits. Forward genetics involves screening large populations to identify individuals with desirable characteristics, while reverse genetics focuses on identifying the function and role of specific genes by disrupting or modifying them. These approaches aid in the identification and utilization of valuable genes for crop improvement.

  High-Throughput Phenotyping: We employ advanced phenotyping technologies to assess and characterize crop traits at a large scale. This includes the use of automated systems, imaging techniques, and sensor-based technologies to measure various agronomic, physiological, and stress-related traits. High-throughput phenotyping accelerates the selection of superior plants with desired traits, enhancing the efficiency of our breeding programs.

  Genome Editing Technologies: We explore emerging genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to precisely modify specific genes and introduce desired traits into crops. Genome editing holds great potential for accelerating trait introgression and crop improvement efforts.

Through the utilization of these tools and technologies, the GPB Cluster at ICRISAT is at the forefront of genomics, pre-breeding, and bioinformatics in crop improvement. By integrating these cutting-edge approaches, we strive to develop improved crop varieties with enhanced resilience, productivity, and quality, ultimately benefiting farmers and promoting sustainable agriculture in dryland regions.